The building representing the Dominion of Canada occupied a singular position in the northeast quadrant of the Exposition, adjacent to the Stadium and far from other foreign buildings. There is some indication that this placement may have been at the request of the Canadian commission.

The 2,500 square foot building was 108 feet wide along its canal front, and 60 feet deep. The Dominion appropriated $112,000 for the structure during a year when the Glasgow International Exhibition also required Canadian investment in a building and exhibit.

The architecture was imitative of Elizabethan half-timbered construction, with two wings connected by a veranda on the first floor and balcony on the second. The first floor exterior staff was finished to look like stone, the second floor decorated with timbers stained dark chestnut against ivory-tinted walls. The roof was shingled, stained bronze green with creosote.

The first floor was divided into offices, reception, and exhibit space. The south wing contained offices for Canadian Commissioner William Hutchinson, Commission secretary William A. Burns and officers of the Ontario Provincial staff.

The north wing contained a general parlor, its floor covered with light matting, furnished with rattan divans and lounging chairs. The overall atmosphere was of coolness and luxury. Off this was a ladies parlor, staffed by a maid. It had a green color scheme with mahogany furniture. This wing also had a reading room, writing room, and information booth. The Grand Trunk Railroad, the major rail company in Canada, had its own display. In addition to the Bison described below, there was a collection of stuffed animals, artistic designs in grains, and a piano with an "elegant"cover of two-colors of sealskin.

The largest room was located in the rear of the building and occupied a 60 feet by 40 feet space, with a two-story ceiling. It was devoted to exhibits. As the Buffalo Evening News reported on June 21, 1901, "The main hall of the ground floor is devoted to a comprehensive agricultural exhibit, all the grains and wheats of Canada being shown, either in glass cases or else fashioned in quaint designs in the border around the ceiling. In the center of this hall is mounted under a glass case a monster stuffed Buffalo owned by the Canadian Government. It is claimed to be the largest specimen of buffalo ever known, and is highly prized by the Dominion government. Its appearance at the Pan-American is the first outside of Canada. It has never before been loaned for any Exposition.

"An oil painting that attracts considerable attention is by Paul Wickson, noted Canadian painter, called 'The Story of the Great North West.' It illustrates the retreat of the Red Man with his pony, his gun, and his teepee, before the sturdy Scotch settler with his agricultural implements and his plow horses. It is a masterpiece. In addition to the agricultural exhibit in its own building, Canada has exhibits in the Mines building, Forestry, Fine Arts, Live Stock, etc., etc."

At the close of the Exposition, the Robert Simpson Company of Toronto purchased all the furnishings from the Canada Building for resale in Toronto. It was rumored that many Canadians intended to purchase articles of furniture as souvenirs of the Exposition.